
Stampante tridimensionale

To print a document, commons inkjet printer have a printer head that moves back and forth along an horizontal axis, while the paper moves under it slowly to exit.
The printer head releases thin lines that produce words and images. A 3D printer works more or less in the same way, but, instead of working on the dimensions of the paper, it moves along three axis and overlaps between them many types of material, usually plastic. Like inkjet printers for papers, the 3D printer is connected to a computer, that sends informations for realize the three-dimensional model.
The printing process usually requires some time, because the printer head has to deposit the material coat after coat, and if the 3D project is complicated it has to move in different points, to fill some sections and leave others empty. The definition of the 3D printer is given by how much is thick the coat of the material that the printer deposits to make the object: if the coat is thin, the printer has a better definition.
Usually, the thickness is of 0,1 millimeters, but there are printers that are able to print overlaying coats of 0,02 millimeters. As well as the vertical definition, there's a second one that keeps the counting of the density of the material's particles that are lined up horizontally. There are a lot of different types of three-dimensional printers: some are very big and are used for the production of mechanic components of great dimensions, others are small and they are used for the creation of prosthesis, for operations in patients.
Probably you have seen somewhere a photo or a video of a model for domestically and amateur use, where the operating systems are more simple than other elaborated models. In this case the printer looks like a block, similar to the domestic laser printers, but they have transparent panels on the side to control the printing process. Inside the structure there's an insured printer head in movable brackets, that makes the printer head shifts back and forth, in the top and bottom.
The printer head is connected to a plastic cartridge, whose spillage is monitored by the printer head itself depending on the characteristics of the coat that is printing.
The material can be liquid or in powder, and it's not always plastic: some printers utilize metals and other polymers who can simulate the characteristic of the body's textiles. In the last few years there have been remarkable progress for the technologies of the three-dimensional printing, both for the printers and the materials that can be used.
The 3D printers used for industries are used most of all for printing prototypes of future products at very low cost than traditional methods for realize those. In this way is possible to test and experiment the characteristics of the pre-production of models making them similar to the final product.
In the healthcare setting, some years now people have been studying solutions to create prosthesis and textiles that can be implanted in the patients. The idea is using the 3D printing to create personalized models of the things that has to been implanted, so that they can adapt in the better way to the people who had to use them. Some months ago, for example, it has been implanted in the head of the patient a plaque printed in 3D, created just for the person that would have received that and he didn't show any problems of reject and infections.
-Connecting the USB cable and the power supply unit, the two LED close to the USB door stay on. Check that the power supply is delivering 15V and that this is correctly connected at the outlet 220Vac -With the printer connected and made the connection with the PC, even if the COM door is the right one, the software doesn't communicate with the card. Check to have insert the jumper equipped in the printer kit, in the connector JPROG. Also, make sure that in the configuration parameters of the serial door inside the software, the baudrate is set at "250.000bps", and the record on "Autodirect". -Effecting the Home of the Z axis, when the respective regulation screw is raised from the extruder, the axis places herself in the exact point, meanwhile, if effecting the Home when the screw is closing the switch of the limit, the Z axis doesn't places correctly. This is correct, so we recommend to rise the Z axis of some millimeters before proceed with the Home. -Just right after connecting, or while printing, the printer shows a message: "Error:Printer stopped due to errors. Fix the error and use M999 to restart." Probably for because of a fake contact or other reason, the temperature sensor reached a temperature that is out of the maximum scale. We recommend to verify that the card's terminal side is making the right contact with the relative pin graft. Verify, eventually, following the sensor's wiring, that the two wires relative to it aren't in short circuit in some points.
How to use the 3D printer?

-During the printing, there's a loss of step on the axis X and/or Y. In the parameters of Slic3r, set up like "Travel Speed" a value lower than 100, we recommend to set up 80. -Trying to shift manually the axis X and/or Y to the relative Home, the plate makes a short shift in the opposite direction. Verify that the relative limit is correctly connected, that the wires are connected both to the card's side and the limit's side, using the two external terminals, leaving the central free. -Activating the extruder, the engine seems to strain, and the advancement seems sobbing. The two gears of the extruder's body are too close. Separate them a little to make them work again.
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